【定语从句用who不用that的情况】在英语语法中,定语从句是用于修饰名词或代词的句子结构。在使用关系代词时,“who”和“that”常常让人混淆。虽然两者都可以引导定语从句,但在某些情况下,只能使用“who”,而不能使用“that”。以下是对这些情况的总结。
一、
1. 当先行词是人时,通常可以用“who”或“that”,但若强调人的身份或特征,应优先使用“who”。
例如:
- The man who is standing there is my teacher.
- The man that is standing there is my teacher.
虽然两句都正确,但第一句更强调“那个人”的身份。
2. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时,必须用“who”。
例如:
- The girl who is singing is my sister.
- ❌ The girl that is singing is my sister.(错误)
3. 当先行词是“one”、“the one”、“those”等表示人或事物的代词时,应使用“who”。
例如:
- I am not the one who made the mistake.
- Those who are late will be punished.
4. 在非限制性定语从句中,必须用“who”而不是“that”。
例如:
- My brother, who lives in New York, is coming to visit me.
- ❌ My brother, that lives in New York, is coming to visit me.
5. 当句子中有两个或多个先行词,其中一个是指人,另一个是物时,应使用“who”来指代人。
例如:
- The boy and the dog who followed him were lost.
- ❌ The boy and the dog that followed him were lost.
二、表格总结
情况 | 使用“who”的原因 | 示例 |
先行词是人,强调身份或特征 | 更自然、更正式 | The man who is speaking is a famous actor. |
关系代词在从句中作主语 | “that”不能作主语 | The girl who is singing is my sister. |
先行词是“one”、“the one”、“those”等 | 强调人 | I am not the one who made the mistake. |
非限制性定语从句 | “that”不能用于非限制性从句 | My brother, who lives in New York, is coming. |
多个先行词,其中一个是人 | 明确指人 | The boy and the dog who followed him were lost. |
通过以上总结可以看出,在定语从句中选择“who”还是“that”,不仅要考虑语法规则,还要结合语境和表达意图。掌握这些规则有助于提高英语写作和口语表达的准确性与自然度。